Chicago is a major world convention destination. [132], The city lies within the typical hot-summer humid continental climate (Kppen: Dfa), and experiences four distinct seasons. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city completed a major engineering feat. The mayor appoints commissioners and other officials who oversee the various departments. Large swaths of the city's residential areas away from the lake are characterized by brick bungalows built from the early 20th century through the end of World War II. The most populous city in Florida is also one of its most religious cities, and while very diverse religiously, still has a large majority which at least identifies with one religion. Even more challenging were the social conditions in some parts of the city. From the grand historic downtown theatres to those tucked away in a neighborhood storefront or church basement, audiences will find theatre of the highest quality throughout the city. [38][39][40][41], A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad. [101] The overall grade of the city's central, built-up areas is relatively consistent with the natural flatness of its overall natural geography, generally exhibiting only slight differentiation otherwise. Only about half of the residents in the Seattle (52%) and San Francisco (48%) metropolitan areas identify as Christians, as well as roughly six-in-ten or fewer of those living in Boston (57%) and New York (59%). religious attendance by metro area, Learn More: attendance at religious services, At least once a week, Once or twice a month/a few times a year, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who pray, Compare: Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Those with skills in demand couldand often didstay. In the forty years from 1850 to 1890, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1million. The Roma first came to Chicago during the large waves of Southern and Eastern European immigration to the United States in the 1880s until World War I. Other notable shows include CBS's The Good Wife and Mike and Molly. Dominicans There is a small community of Dominicans in Chicago. [14] O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked among the world's top six busiest airports according to tracked data by the Airports Council International. The normal winter high from December through March is about 36F (2C). Civil and criminal law cases are heard in the Cook County Circuit Court of the State of Illinois court system, or in the Northern District of Illinois, in the federal system. Chicagoans have over 580 parks and 8,300 acres of green spaces at their disposal. [304] According to the Chicago Police Department, carjackers are using face masks that are widely worn due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic to effectively blend in with the public and conceal their identity. Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. From 1850, when Germans constituted one-sixth of Chicago's population, until the turn of the 20th century, people of German descent constituted the largest ethnic group in the city, followed by Irish, Poles, and Swedes. At the Call of Duty League's Launch Week games in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the Chicago Huntsmen went on to beat both the Dallas Empire and Optic Gaming Los Angeles. [136], There are many sunny but cold days in winter. In each of these cities, fewer than one-in-five residents are evangelical Protestants (including just 9% in New York) compared with a quarter of U.S. adults overall who are evangelicals. [116] Many of the city's residential streets have a wide patch of grass or trees between the street and the sidewalk itself. [35][36] The Chicago metropolitan area also includes adherents of Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and the Bah Faith, among others. Illinois. In this interactive tool, national religious composition percentages are rounded to the nearest tenth (e.g., 22.8%). [104] Landfill extends into portions of the lake providing space for Navy Pier, Northerly Island, the Museum Campus, and large portions of the McCormick Place Convention Center. But some of the nations biggest metropolitan areas have a very different look. [26], In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by the Potawatomi, a Native American tribe who had succeeded the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples in this region. The Joffrey Ballet and Chicago Festival Ballet perform in various venues, including the Harris Theater in Millennium Park. The border with the Eastern Time Zone is located a short distance to the east, used in Michigan and certain parts of Indiana. Religion Census 2010 offers unique insights into religious populations. Non-Christian groups include Irreligious (22%), Judaism (3%), Islam (2%), Buddhism (1%) and Hinduism (1%). [citation needed], The White Sox have played on the South Side continuously since 1901, with all three of their home fields throughout the years being within blocks of one another. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic. Some of the parks along the waterfront include Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. The Asian represented 5.5% of the population and the Native American population was 0.5% of the population. [338], In May 2019, The City of Chicago announced its Chicago's Electric Shared Scooter Pilot Program, scheduled to run from June 15 to October 15. views about environmental protection by metro area, Learn More: views about environmental regulation, Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy, Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say humans, Compare: Chicago is also home to a number of national radio shows, including Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont on Sunday evenings. [237] Enthusiasts of the Chicago-style hot dog frown upon the use of ketchup as a garnish, but may prefer to add giardiniera. Some events which shaped the city's history have also been memorialized by art works, including the Great Northern Migration (Saar) and the centennial of statehood for Illinois. [citation needed], The Great Migration, which had been on pause due to the Depression, resumed at an even faster pace in the second wave, as hundreds of thousands of blacks from the South arrived in the city to work in the steel mills, railroads, and shipping yards. Chicago city, Illinois. [350] The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline. This ushered in the beginning of what is known as the Gangster Era, a time that roughly spans from 1919 until 1933 when Prohibition was repealed. Religious composition of adults in the Chicago metro area Christian 71% Evangelical Protestant 16% Mainline Protestant 11% Historically Black Protestant 8% Catholic 34% Mormon < 1% Orthodox Christian 1% Jehovah's Witness 1% Other Christian 1% Non-Christian Faiths 7% Jewish 3% Muslim 2% Buddhist 1% Hindu 1% Other World Religions 1% Other Faiths 1% [34] Within seven years it grew to more than 6,000 people. It includes Rush University Medical Center, ranked as the second best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201416, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation.[357]. [36], As the site of the Chicago Portage,[37] the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. The Pew Research Centers 2014 Religious Landscape Study was designed to look at the religious affiliations of Americans overall as well as those in all 50 states and the 17 largest metropolitan areas in the country. All of its major franchises have won championships within recent years the Bears (1985), the Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, and 1998), the White Sox (2005), the Cubs (2016), the Blackhawks (2010, 2013, 2015), and the Fire (1998). A popular modification is the Comboan Italian beef sandwich with the addition of an Italian sausage. The grid's regularity provided an efficient means of developing new real estate property. [264], Chicago has also entered into esports with the creation of the Chicago Huntsmen, a professional Call of Duty team that participates within the CDL. Male full-time workers had a median income of $47,074 versus $42,063 for females. [311], Chicago high school rankings are determined by the average test scores on state achievement tests. And Atlanta, the birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr. is home to an especially large share of members of the historically black Protestant tradition (18%). [141], According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of 105F (41C) was recorded on July 24, 1934. The beauty of Chicago lies not only in its magnificent architecture, but also in the city's vast preserved green and open spaces. It reports the number of congregations in every U.S. county and equivalents for participating faith groups. In this particular case, the fact that the workers' agreements had expiration dates let the city of Chicago set an expiration date of 2013 for contribution to health benefits for workers who retired after 1989. [310] The magnet school with the largest enrollment is Lane Technical College Prep High School. In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. [208] Chicago was also the site of the Schwinn Bicycle Company. By the time of its first census, seven years later, the population had reached over 4,000. In 1956, the city conducted its last major expansion when it annexed the land under O'Hare airport, including a small portion of DuPage County. [88] In 1979, Jane Byrne, the city's first female mayor, was elected. The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago and GRAB magazine are also published in the city, as well as local music magazine Chicago Innerview. [303], Chicago began experiencing a massive surge in carjackings after 2019, and at least 1,415 such crimes took place in the city in 2020. Within sixty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population went from about 300,000 to over 3million,[157] and reached its highest ever recorded population of 3.6million for the 1950 census. An award-winning $108 million, 1.25-mile promenade along the south bank of the Chicago River downtown. With its four interconnected buildings, it is the largest convention center in the nation and third-largest in the world. To accommodate rapid population growth and demand for better sanitation, the city improved its infrastructure. [129], Chicago is famous for its outdoor public art with donors establishing funding for such art as far back as Benjamin Ferguson's 1905 trust. Some can be seen from the Kennedy Expressway, other roadways, and public transportation routes, as well as from the neighborhood streets. [244] Annual festivals feature various Chicago signature dishes, such as Taste of Chicago and the Chicago Food Truck Festival. [188] Additionally, the Chicago metropolitan area recorded the greatest number of new or expanded corporate facilities in the United States for calendar year 2014. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana area are clustered. The per capita income for the city was $20,175. Behind the pavilion's stage is the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, an indoor venue for mid-sized performing arts companies, including the Chicago Opera Theater and Music of the Baroque. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax A flourishing independent rock music culture brought forth Chicago indie. [238][239][240], A distinctly Chicago sandwich, the Italian beef sandwich is thinly sliced beef simmered in au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the third-largest Czech city in the world, after Prague and Vienna. What would become the influential Poetry magazine was founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe, who was working as an art critic for the Chicago Tribune. [283] This was higher than in New York City and Los Angeles, the two largest cities in the United States, which have lower murder rates and lower total homicides. There are also several regional and special-interest newspapers and magazines, such as Chicago, the Dziennik Zwizkowy (Polish Daily News), Draugas (the Lithuanian daily newspaper), the Chicago Reader, the SouthtownStar, the Chicago Defender, the Daily Herald, Newcity,[323][324] StreetWise and the Windy City Times. The unique sounds born in Chicago continue to resonate around the world. And visit, attendance at prayer groups by metro area, frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups, frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by metro area, frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing, frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by metro area, frequency of feeling wonder about the universe, sources of guidance on right and wrong by metro area, belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by metro area, belief in absolute standards for right and wrong, There are clear standards for what is right and wrong, frequency of reading scripture by metro area, interpretation of scripture by metro area, Word of God; not everything taken literally, views about size of government by metro area, views about government aid to the poor by metro area, views about same-sex marriage by metro area, views about environmental protection by metro area, Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy, Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost, views about human evolution by metro area. [15] The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. [79] The theme of the fair was technological innovation over the century since Chicago's founding. [21][22] Chicago's culture includes the visual arts, literature, film, theater, comedy (especially improvisational comedy), food, dance (including modern dance and jazz troupes and the Joffrey Ballet), and music (particularly jazz, blues, soul, hip-hop, gospel,[23] and electronic dance music, including house music). The city has one of the largest Assyrian Diaspora populations, with the Assyrian community of Metropolitan Chicago numbering as many as 80,000. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are given annually to acknowledge excellence in theater in the Chicago area. [256] They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since 1908, and had not participated in a World Series since 1945, both records, until they beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. A polar vortex in January 2019 nearly broke the city's cold record of 27F (33C), which was set on January 20, 1985. [32][33][34], On August 12, 1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males. Chicago has one of the largest concentrations of Italian Americans in the US, with more than 500,000 living in the metropolitan area. [265] Lincoln Park, the largest of the city's parks, covers 1,200 acres (490ha) and has over 20million visitors each year, making it third in the number of visitors after Central Park in New York City, and the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, D.C.[266], There is a historic boulevard system,[267] a network of wide, tree-lined boulevards which connect a number of Chicago parks. The city claims three Dow30 companies: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001,[196] McDonald's and Walgreens Boots Alliance. [16] Moreover, the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, which helped move goods from the Great Lakes south on the Mississippi River, and of the railroads in the 19th century made the city a major transportation center in the United States. This local church is pastored by Cardinal Blase J. Cupich, assisted by six Episcopal Vicars, each responsible for a vicariate (region). With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census,[7] it is also the most populous city in the Midwest. [47][48][49], In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed an area about 4 miles (6.4km) long and 1-mile (1.6km) wide, a large section of the city at the time. [195] The city of Chicago also hosts 12 Fortune Global 500 companies and 17 Financial Times 500 companies. 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