/Subject (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test BankInstant Download) /GS7 27 0 R >> Sometimes leads us to hold on to incorrect and negativebeliefs/schemas. Keith Stanovich . -Tied to these beliefs What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? endobj /StructParents 5 Before this, human thinking was. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. /CS /DeviceRGB /Parent 2 0 R \end{array} /Title (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test Bank) /Contents 41 0 R /Type /Page >> Cognitive misers usually act in two ways: by ignoring part of the information to reduce their own cognitive load, or by overusing some kind of information to avoid finding more information. Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} >> >> What kinds of information does a flawed scientist use when thinking about the behavior of others? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Introducing Cram Folders! >> /Parent 2 0 R endobj /Type /Page students and group work, are you assertive? /Font << /ExtGState << 2 0 obj What is the difference between them? /F4 24 0 R /Tabs /S not only vary in content but in structure too in terms of the intra-category -Attribution: process of assigning causes to behavior. /Type /Group "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes." >> >> /GS8 28 0 R /FontDescriptor 365 0 R /Parent 2 0 R -Examples: sports events. Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, and the cognitive miser philosophical anthropologies. PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture - PSYC 137 Chapter 1: Point: - StuDocu Chapters 1-6 psyc 137 chapter notes chapter introduction main point: nave psychology and cognitive psychology are themes in social cognition research. Bats, balls, and substitution sensitivity: cognitive misers are no happy fools . /Widths [278] /CS /DeviceRGB /Contents 43 0 R Our pages contain various quotes with which our editorial team does not always agree. The instances of weeping in the book of Jeremiah are so vivid that Jeremiah is known as "the weeping prophet," but God weeps more frequently in the book. 260 0 R 261 0 R] /Parent 2 0 R >> -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. -Treatment: appoint a devils advocate. /GS8 28 0 R /Resources << 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] /F1 21 0 R miser 2) cognitive load = heuristics don't require much thought, can be made on 'availability' eg. According to WalterLippmann's arguments in his classic book PublicOpinion,[13] people are not equipped to deal with complexity. Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term cognitive miser to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising ones beliefs. endobj /F3 23 0 R /Artifact /Sect Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. /Name /F1 Aug 2016. /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman How did the experimenters increase inter-group hostility between the two groups of boys? /S /Transparency What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? ], People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. /ParentTreeNextKey 13 /CS /DeviceRGB What kinds of errors occur when we don't process all relevant information? /Contents 35 0 R /GS7 27 0 R -Attention: Americans focus on objects, Japanese focused on the context (spatial orientation) Ex) slightly unprejudiced becomes less prejudiced and vice versa. Book: Stanovich, Keith E. . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >> Overview cognitive miser Quick Reference An interpretation of stereotypes as psychological mechanisms that economize on the time and effort spent on information processing by simplifying social reality, which would otherwise overwhelm our cognitive capacities with its complexity. 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R [2] [20] Given the limited information processing capabilities of individuals, people are always trying to adopt strategies that simplify complex problems. /Parent 2 0 R The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 286. << ->Western: individualistic, autonomy, competence (getting ahead), analytical thinking (objects), rights -Discrimination:negative behavior to members of out groups. /K [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R System 2 may also have no clue to the error. 4 0 obj Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristics in judgment and decision-making,[15] most notably Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman results published in a series of influential articles. [32] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. . 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 500 500 /Length 2864 /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] [10] Thus, attribution theory emerged from the study of the ways in which individuals assess causal relationships and mechanisms. 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] /S /Transparency variability, when the category is. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. /InlineShape /Sect [2] In other words, humans are more inclined to act as cognitive misers using mental short cuts to make assessments and decisions, about issues and ideas about which they know very little as well as issues of great salience. In what ways do we view members of our In-group differently from out-groups? Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Since cooperators offer to play more often, and fellow cooperators will also more often accept their offer, the researchers arrived at the consensus that cooperators would have a higher expected payoff compared with defectors when certain boundary conditions are met. Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R A question arises, but System 1 does not generate an answer. July 2015 . Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[30]. Naive scientist b. /Marked true Nave Scientist: need to form a coherent view of the world &to gain control over the environmentAttributions: need to attribute causes to effects and to create a meaningful, stable world where things makesense, clear, definable, predictable. For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R] What does WEIRD refer to? For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. << /StructParents 4 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R Explain Naive Scientist: NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world . /Tabs /S /S /Transparency /Type /StructElem How do we use positive test strategy to test hypotheses? How does the brain respond to social rejection? Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. /Tabs /S /Type /StructTreeRoot /F4 24 0 R How does social facilitation affect the performance of tasks that are simple/well practiced? [28] [29] The less expertise citizens have on an issue initially, the more likely they will rely on these shortcuts. 1) time - short of time = use cog. What is social comparison theory? 2,000 & 11,000 \\ . /F6 26 0 R [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /ExtGState << Positive impressions are typically formed in the absence of any(negative) information, more easily changed in light of subsequent negative info, Negative impressions are formed when there is any sign ofnegative information, difficult to change in light of subsequent positive information, we are biased towards negativity WHY? How does a "cognitive miser" reason? The cognitive miser and focal bias . It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. In this sense, effective communication can be achieved if media provide audiences with cognitive shortcuts or heuristics that are resonate with underlying audience schemata. \hline \$ 8,000 & 5,000 \text { diamonds } \\ << -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do heuristics in judgment and decision-making, Human inference: strategies and shortcomings of social judgment, Like goes with like: the role of representativeness in erroneous and pseudoscientific beliefs, Science and selection: essays on biological evolution and the philosophy of science, 3 MESSAGES AND HEURISTICS: HOW AUDIENCES FORM ATTITUDES ABOUT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. Does a flawed scientist use automatic processing (system 1/intuitive) or controlled processing (or system 2/analytical/)? >> endobj Once a category is activated we tend t see members as possessing all the That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R >> To save cognitive energy, cognitive misers tend to assume that other people are similar to themselves. Harvard cognitive scientist David Perkins coined the term "mindware" to refer to the rules, data, procedures, strategies and other cognitive tools (knowledge of probability, logic and. What percentage of the population exhibits racist attitudes? How do dissonance reduction and self-justification affect prejudice and discrimination? If the statement is always true, explain why. -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [22] However, as Lau and Redlawsk note, acting as cognitive miser who employs heuristics can have very different results for high-information and low-information voters. /GS7 27 0 R In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. The nave scientist is someone who believes that they can understand the world through observation and experiment. [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. Change occurs via exposure to schema-inconsistent evidence: book-keeping: change is gradual, as evidence accumulates, conversion: change is sudden, after critical mass of evidence, sub-typing: sub-categories to accommodate evidence, Cognitive shortcuts that provide adequately accurate inferences formost of us, most of the time. /CS /DeviceRGB Gordon . Distinguish between a durable consumer good and a nondurable consumer good. /Contents 36 0 R /Header /Sect What is a meta-analysis? << endobj stream 2011 . 21 0 obj In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Three lines of research within the Cognitive Miser. /Resources << 29 0 obj /StructParents 7 11 [312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. /F4 24 0 R [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. What is social contagion? What does meta-analysis discover about cultural differences in conformity and aggression. /StructParents 3 [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of social psychology research that questioned its explanatory power. [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R /Font << 1 0 obj List and Describe the Algebraic Impression Formation types: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The meaning seeker theory reject both metaphors of human cognitive behaviors of cognitive miser and motivated tactician. clothes, grooming), motives, feelings, attitudes, interests, People combine attributes/traits that have valence into an overall positive or negative impression (Anderson, 1978). This article describes an anomalous social space within the field of homelessness in San Francisco, that of "pro" recyclers, homeless men who spend much of their time collecting recyclables for redemption. -Behavioral tendencies: (avoidance, active discrimination), -Stereotype: a positive or negative belief about the characteristics of a group that is applied generally to most members of that group. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Psychological tendency of people to think and solve problems in simple ways. 2 . [9][pageneeded] Some of these heuristics include: The frequency with which Kahneman and Tversky and other attribution researchers found the individuals employed mental shortcuts to make decisions and assessments laid important groundwork for the overarching idea that individuals and their minds act efficiently instead of analytically. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /GS8 28 0 R /LastChar 116 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R /CreationDate (D:20151205122909+07'00') >> -Affective or emotional component (fear, negative evaluations) -employ equal status contact, need equal opportunities, -Need to belong: a motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions. 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 12 0 obj /ca 1 /Parent 2 0 R [25] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? Contrast the wage and salary share to the profit share in terms of relative size. << /F4 24 0 R /Font << Voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates. >> /Worksheet /Part Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Type /Font /S /Transparency /F5 25 0 R A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. This switch in processing between the two can be termed, A2 Psychology Concepts and studies and advanced psychology. Lippmann therefore suggested that the public "cannot be wise", since they can be easily misled by overly simplified reality which is consistent with their pre-existing pictures in mind, and any disturbance of the existing stereotypes will seem like "an attack upon the foundation of the universe". /Annotation /Sect Much of the work done within this model focused on examining how people perceive and explain why others behave the way they do. [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. 7 0 obj Barr . where ttt is the time in seconds since the ball was thrown. System 1 always operates automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! /F2 22 0 R /GS8 28 0 R 0 0 0 611 611 667 0 611 611 722 would sanctify the pursuit of selfinterest. << Activated actor c. Cognitive miser d. Motivated tactician 11. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] How does a "flawed scientist" reason? That's it. /Subtype /Type0 -In-group bias: tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group [2][20] Given the limited information processing capabilities of individuals, people are always trying to adopt strategies that simplify complex problems. >> -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? << /ParentTree 19 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] can use quick, automatic heuristics without deliberating in some contexts & controlled, effortful thinking with carefuldeliberation in others, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE Explores the neurologicalunderpinnings of processestraditionally examined by socialpsychology, use of fMRI to study brainphenomena, e.g. /F1 21 0 R /S /Transparency -2008 first black president objects can be similar or dissimilar on an infinite number of dimensions. [39] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs. >> /Type /Group 23417270. free . We'll bring you back here when you are done. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . -Ethic of social responsibility: being the target is frustrating Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. /CS /DeviceRGB >> Psychology concepts and studies for a level work, contains everything you will need to know for the exam or if you are doing a btech course pick up the key points and add your own examples, feel free to use this on whatever you need, best used for revision and advanced psychology work at university level, The availability heuristic is responsible for a bias known << nave scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician outgroup homogeneity Previous question Next question << /Parent 2 0 R -Difficult tasks: surrounded by people during a challenge makes us perform worse, Group bystander effect: bystanders in emergencies typically want to intervene but freeze up. When processing with System 1 which start automatically without control, people expend little or even no effort, but can generate complex patterns of ideas. /Parent 2 0 R /F3 23 0 R Which is viewed as more heterogeneous? What kinds of reasoning errors occur when the observer doesn't have enough information? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. /Font << 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 What assumptions underlie the research done by Social Psychologists. /MarkInfo << /BaseFont /Arial >> 238 0 R 239 0 R] [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. /Parent 2 0 R attending a lecture, going to a restaurant, plane trips), PSYC1030: Personality Content-free schema: rules for processing information. % People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. 22 0 obj 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R] People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. (1950s) a. System 2 may also have no clue to the error. In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of people to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and more effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. Versailles Co. returned $3,000\$3,000$3,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. /Group << /F4 24 0 R /Type /Group The term stereotype is thus introduced: people have to reconstruct the complex situation on a simpler model before they can cope with it, and the simpler model can be regarded as stereotype. -Cockroach study: the cockroaches completed an easier maze faster when there were other cockroaches present and they went faster in the hard maze when they were not being watched by other cockroaches /GS8 28 0 R >> /Group << [33] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. << >> applied to all aspects of our lives, it saves us time and cognitive processing, /ExtGState << What are its three components of prejudice? Introducing Cram Folders! /Resources << Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. >> /F4 24 0 R /ExtGState << -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy. ->Temne: food accumulating, shared resources, more confomity Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. endobj endobj /Type /Group too much on mibd = heuristics 3) importance - heuristics better for estimates, if decison is important become a naive scientist 4) information level - if have all necessary info = become naive scientist What are its consequences? Here are 9 common cognitive shortcuts most people do to minimize the use of the brains we've been given. [>>>] endobj *P?9-(A4wP"gr=I @OkZR+tfOBT$!/47(}X0N>q*0@pa 6G$B3WG$ucj?d7tN%1LiWmqw orY;M#a~)vTiU o2"yHaUr@JiilHcGo'5"I;Y?D-'y~ However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". /Type /Page Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making,[15][pageneeded] most notably AmosTversky and DanielKahneman results published in a series of influential articles. /Parent 2 0 R social Introducing Ask an Expert DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert /S /Transparency /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Resources << >> -Exploit the minority to gain your own resources /Font << -Cognitive component: stereotypes /F1 21 0 R /F5 25 0 R /F4 24 0 R Categories are in some way ultimate heuristics, they can be 72 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. /StructParents 0 >> "[13] That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /F1 21 0 R What is the Twenty Statements Test (TST)? ", -Kurt Lewin: influences - fascism / final solution and gestalt principle (things are assigned by humans). "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. Define 'groupthink' and describe its symptoms and impact on decision making. 1,000 & 12,000 1 [73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R] >> /GS7 27 0 R /GS8 28 0 R [37] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. Just as the behaviorist, reinforced leaner gave way to actively thinking organisms throughout the formative periods of social-cognition research, so too did view of the social thinker develop, roughly divided by decade: the naive scientist (1970s), the cognitive miser (1980s), the motivated tactician (1990s), and the activated actor (2000s). Rossi . doctor, waitress, lecturer), Social group schemas/stereotypes: knowledge structures aboutsocial groups (e.g. [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. /CS /DeviceRGB << << 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R /F4 24 0 R -Participants administered at least some shocks and 62% showed complete obedience, administering all the shocks, -State of mind where someone believes in absolute obedience or submission to one's own authority as well as oppressing subordinates. 0 333 0 667 556 833 667 722 0 0 /Type /Group -Conformity: endobj Daniel Kahneman described these as intuitive (System 1) and reasoning (System 2) respectively.[35]. What is social facilitation? -Diffusion of responsibility: reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others. as a representative of a group or an individual separate from any category The metaphor of cognitive misers could assist people in drawing lessons from risks, which is the possibility that an undesirable state of reality may occur. [2][3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by SusanFiske and ShelleyTaylor in 1984. endobj /Chartsheet /Part >> -Fundamental attribution error: make dispositional attributions for others' behaviors, its the persons fault for what they did The nave scientist and attribution theory, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 09:14, heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making, JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology, "Likegoeswithlike:theroleofrepresentativenessinerroneousandpseudoscientificbeliefs", "Communicatingscienceinsocialsettings", "3MESSAGESANDHEURISTICS:HOWAUDIENCESFORMATTITUDESABOUTEMERGINGTECHNOLOGIES", "Thesocial-cognitivebasesofscientificknowledge", "Bats,balls,andsubstitutionsensitivity:cognitivemisersarenohappyfools", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341140.003.0004, Heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making. /F3 23 0 R >> /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R /Font << 4,000 & 9,000 \\ To save cognitive energy, cognitive misers tend to assume that other people are similar to themselves. /Type /ExtGState Widely shared within cultures, but differ between cultures, Can be based on personal experience Resistant to change, We typically assume that physically attractive people are good, They are interesting, warm, outgoing, socially skilled, Halo effect: our overall impression of a person colours ourperception of that persons specific traits, Allow us to quickly make sense of person, situation, event or placeon basis of limited information, Guide our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours towards things, Less time consuming & less effortful, yield quick solutions, Sometimes inaccurate, misapplied, inadequate, Instances are assigned to categories or types on basis of overallsimilarity to the category, As a result, we sometimes ignore base-rate information, Tendency to seek out & attend to information that confirms onesbeliefs & ignore information that is inconsistent with ones beliefs, Beliefs/schemas become resilient this way. << >> /F2 22 0 R -Within group: underestimate differences within groups, view their group as heterogeneous Voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates. >> /Workbook /Document /CS /DeviceRGB % ]"&4v You should be drawing on discussions of attribution models, attribution bias . This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. 25 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Resources << adopting a cognitive miser approach but however if the target is not a good fit
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