All rights reserved. Alvarez." The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists. Invention/discovery . Try this: Experiment by building paper airplanes to see which design performs best in flight. This allowed mass production of his incredibly popular Model T and other cars. Learn more: Our Dad Invented the N95 Mask. Magill, Frank. Sep. 2, 1988. Try one of these kid-safe electricity experiments to follow in his footsteps. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. 6. (July 3, 2014) http://www.who.int/lep/situation/latestdata/en/, World Health Organization. More Americans die from lung cancer than from any other type of cancer, which is why many people are eager for CimaVax to hit the U.S. market soon. mon - fri 8.00 am - 4.00 pm #22 beetham gardens highway, port of spain, trinidad +1 868-625-9028 Michael ZagarisMLB/Getty Images. Occurrences of yellow fever have ramped up in recent years [sources: WHO]. 6: Luis Alvarez (1911-1988) Father-and-son research team Luis and Walter Alvarez peer through a star dome, which shows the orbit and location, relative to Earth, of stars and constellations. The electric engine from the widely-owned Soviet Aurika washing machine is commonly repurposed. These include the aerial screw, which led to modern helicopters, and an underwater diving suit that was the precursor to todays scuba gear. "Carlos Juan Finlay (1833 - 1915)." Albert Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton are known as the greatest scientists of all time. Monoclonal antibodies in the medicine attach to epidermal growth factor receptors on the surface of the cancer cell, thus preventing it from dividing and spreading the cancer. regional theatre auditions Benacerraf later recalled how the mixture of his heritage and upbringing created difficulties for him both in America and when he later temporarily moved to Paris [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. Instead, he gave the world the concept of crop rotation. 101 JFK Parkway | Short Hills, NJ | 07078 | (973) 921-5500, Protected: Classroom Talk-to-Text Project, Biography of Johannes Gutenberg, German Inventor of the Printing Press (ThoughtCo), Da Vinci-style ornithopter with household items, one of these kid-safe electricity experiments, Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments, learn to make a model of a steam power generator, Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography (ThoughtCo), homemade projector built with a cardboard box and a magnifying glass, these fun assembly line classroom activities, The Legacy of Dr. George Washington Carver. "If people knew about these cutting-edge treatments coming out of Cuba, people would want to have them," said Pierre LaRame, executive director of the Oakland-based Medical Education Cooperation with Cuba, which advocates for Cuban medical inventions in the U.S. and publishes an international, peer-reviewed journal focusing on Cuban health and medicine. Brilliant, bold, and brave, his inventions revolutionised the industry and changed the face of commercial cars forever . She was formerly digital managing editor for the PBS NewsHour. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988." Clockwise from left, in the photos above, the motors have been repurposed as coconut shredder, a key duplicator, a grinding wheel, and a shoe repair tool. In Cuba, theres hope that loosening restrictions will help it catch up with the 21st century. Deardoff)." You may not know what reCAPTCHA is, but you see it almost every time you sign into a new website. This list may not reflect recent changes . The Daily Californian. Try this: Find an old CRT TV or monitor and learn how cathode ray tubes work using a strong magnet. Learn more: Ajay BhattThe Inventor of the USB. The New York Times. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/press.html, NASA. Try this: Look around your classroom or home and find all the devices that use USB ports and technology. Later, he led fusion propulsion teams at MIT and Johnson Space Center (JSC) on projects with potential Mars mission applications. Although he was among the 150 educators sacked during Gen. Juan Pern's 1943 military coup, he became one of the most influential physician-scientists of 20th-century Latin America. The most famous symbol of Cubas embargo-innovation balancing act are the vintage American cars. (July 7, 2014) http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/65/2/268.full, Houssay, Bernardo. In 1974, scientists F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Jos Molina argued CFCs were not as harmless as they seemed. This story originally ran in 2016. Their Cinmatographe was a three-in-one machine that could record, develop, and project films for an audience. For decades, Cuba has been closed off to technology. At home, he's building a Roomba vacuum from scratch. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. "Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement: Bernardo Alberto Houssay." New music is taking over for salsa in Havana's hippest clubs. In fact, Lee said, Roswell Park is preparing for another clinical trial of Nimotuzumab in combination with an FDA-approved treatment to see how effective it will be against lung cancer. Learn more: Guglielmo Marconi (Brittanica). She was the first African-American female doctor to receive a medical patent. But a lack of basic supplies introduces new twists for the islands innovators: a few summers ago recording artists found the island had run low on CDs. Shortly after taking power, he legalized private home computers, mobile phones, and DVD players. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-bio.html. Known for: At a time when most Black men in the United States were slaves, Jennings was born free in New York City. Innovators and Inventors Andy Ruiz is one of the first to produce 360-degree video in Cuba. According to an article in the Harvard International Review, the country invests 1.17 percent of its GDP in technological researchmore than the U.S. and on the same level with Israel. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. "Nobel Prize. "J. Luis Federico Leloir, or How to Do Good Science in a Hostile Environment." Biographies of famous latin or hispanic inventors from the latin world: Narciso Monturiol, Ellen Ochoa, Baruj Benacerraf, Carlos Finlay, Bernardo Houssay, Luis Federico Leloir, Milstein, Severo Ochoa de Albornoz, Santiago Ram Cajal and Miguel Servet. Closely following them are Galileo, Pythagoras, Marie Curie, Charles Darwin and Nicola Tesla. After discovering a love of ancient regional architecture and writing systems, the Mexico City native began taking classes in anthropology. She first served on a nine-day mission aboard the space shuttle Discovery, where she and a team of astronauts studied Earths ozone layer, then returned to space three more times, spending nearly 1000 hours in orbit. From groundbreaking biologists and physicists to innovators in the fields of medicine, botany, and environmental studies, here are 10 game-changing Hispanic scientists you should know about. Photo by Desmond Boylan/Reuters RIGHT: Farmer Carlos Frachi invented a crop irrigation system using soda bottles. Venezuela nominated him for a Nobel Prize in 1988, but he did not win. An enduring early sex symbol, the Spanish-American actress, singer, and dancer starred in more than 60 films over nearly four decades. 5. Born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1948, Adalberto Alvarez was a famous Cuban pianist, musical director, and composer. A sample: He built U.S. President Eisenhower an indoor golf-training machine, analyzed the Zapruder film and tried to locate an Egyptian pyramid's treasure chamber using cosmic rays [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. He created the N95 respirator mask, which helps keep people safe against airborne viruses. "Csar Milstein." Cancer is not one disease, but a collection of hundreds of different illnesses. (July 7, 2014) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/, Yandell, Kate. His father hailed from Spanish Morocco, but he was greatly influenced by his French-Algerian mother's culture. "Csar Milstein -- Biographical." "All of these arcane rules and restrictions related to the embargo that are designed to block commerce with Cuba are keeping Americans from having access to these treatment opportunities," LaRame said. It can be used as both a treatment for lung cancer patients and a preventive measure for people at high risk of the disease. He published the results in 2014. Ellen Ochoa was born in Los Angeles, Calif., and earned her master's degree and doctorate in electrical engineering from Stanford University. The Great Fever. Sure, politicized scientific issues like global climate change might instigate rancorous debate, but this smoke, though toxic in its own way, is nothing compared to the fire under which teachers, intellectuals and scientists have lived during many authoritarian regimes. He also served as rector of UNAM and director of the National Museum and of the National Institute of Anthropology and History [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. He was a gifted artist, but he also invented a wide array of technologies. 1: Franklin Chang-Daz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Anthropology News. Known for: Marconi changed the way humans communicated by developing the first effective system of radio communication. Born in Buenos Aires in 1968, physicist Juan M. Maldacena studies the relationship between quantum gravity and quantum field theories. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Miguel Angel Ondetti has been granted more than 100 patents, including U.S. Patent 4,105,776 for "Proline Derivatives and Related Compounds" also known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to treat hypertension. (July 7, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383094/Cesar-Milstein, Encyclopaedia Britannica. May 9, 2012. Jan. 1, 2013. She became an astronaut in 1991 and flew four shuttle missions. The thing that struck me most while compiling this list was the devastating effect that political forces can have on science. May, Leopold. June 18, 2014. Cuba is very poor, and yet the country has some of the healthiest, most long-lived residents in the world -- as well as a medical invention or two that could run circles around U.S. therapies, thanks to government investment in scientific research and a preventive public health approach that views medical care as a birthright. 1968. A large weight is hoisted up and dropped to spin a flywheel to start motors around the farm. 1947. Try this: Watch this video to learn more about stem cells and their importance to modern medicine. "Csar Milstein, 74, Who Won Joint Nobel Prize in Medicine." 2. More than 100 public wifi zones and 180 Internet cafes have opened so far. By most measures, the United States' business-friendly environment has proven to be fertile for medical innovation. (July 7, 2014) http://www.6911norfolk.com/d0lbln/105f06/105f06-wohl-alvarez.pdf, World Health Organization. He died in 2020. They may not have to wait long: Raul has promised to cede power in 2018, and a likely successor is Vice President Miguel Diaz-Canel, a frequent Facebook user. He founded the Native American Intellectual Property Enterprise Council to help fellow Native American inventors. All Rights Reserved. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Routledge. "Carlos Finlay (1833-1915)." Vol. (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. It's known for being inexpensive and simple to make. Head and neck cancers make up approximately 3 percent of all cancers in the U.S., affecting about 52,000 Americans every year. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The seven-time Grammy Award winner. Given the thousands of lives he saved and the decades of scorn he endured, we'd say he deserved them. His inventions include the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin Stove. She's also done training and curriculum design for a financial institution and been a science museum educator. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/about/people/orgs/bios/ochoa.html#.U7sDpfldV8E, Nobel Prize. A mans world? During that time, Finlay didnt give up on his research. Learn more: Marie Van Brittan Brown, Black Past. Dr. David Armstrong, director of the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance and a professor of surgery at University of Arizona, says hes excited about the treatment, though he emphasized that Heberprot-P would still have to go through trials in the States to demonstrate its effectiveness. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade: 1896 1970." Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. This bicycle has a soda bottle for a fuel tank. Known for: Bloodmobiles are a common sight these days, thanks to Dr. Drew. Photo by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. Moved after encountering the disease's poor and stigmatized victims during medical school, he soon dedicated himself to helping treat them and to combating the social stigma under which they lived [sources: BBC; Chinea]. Over time, he worked to develop the daguerreotype, the precursor of modern photography. But barriers to access remaincontinuously testing the islands ingenuity. April 1971. Chang-Daz was born in San Jos, Costa Rica, and earned his doctorate in Applied Plasma Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Try this: Screen movies using a homemade projector built with a cardboard box and a magnifying glass. The movable type he used made mass printing possible and brought books and reading to the masses. March 26, 2002. (July 4, 2014) http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/english/archaeologists/caso.htm, Sullivan, Walter. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers, Lamps made from household items like glass jars and toothpaste tubes. He shared the prize with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori (ne Radnitz), pioneers in understanding the catalytic conversion of glycogen [sources: Magill; Nobel Prize; USASEF]. Theater and dance were given to the masses for almost nothing. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. He also developed Morse Code: a system of dots and dashes used to send these messages. As economic and diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Cuba continue to normalize, here's hoping that these promising Cuban medical treatments can be investigated fully in the U.S. Americans have been waiting long enough. Her stories have appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post and National Geographic. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/, Nobel Prize. When Major Lazer played a show in Havana in 2016, half a million people showed up. Try this: Assemble a homemade pulley system to mimic Jeffersons dumbwaiter. Try this: Visit thrift shops to find an old panini press, then turn it into a printing press. Unfortunately, all of this creativity is motivated by profound poverty and desperation. Read on to find out more about some of the famous Cubans who have taken their culture around the world. Nicholas Gerbis But she believed that one day theyd become more widely used and became one of the earliest computer programmers. Still, the country is an unlikely global leader in public health and scientific investment. There were major hurdles facing Cubas entry into the technologically advancing world. Dictionary of World Biography. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade." Hes also received a Nobel Prize for his research on bacterial enzyme, which has enabled inventions related to synthesized RNA. Benacerraf was born in Caracas, Venezuela, but lived in Paris as a youth and spent most of his life and career in America. Underground DJs like Joan Coffigny and the female duo Pauza spin at clubs like the Fabrica de Arte Cubano and house parties. Known for: While kids may not know Baers name, theyre sure to love his accomplishments. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/crutzen-lecture.pdf, Encyclopedia Britannica. Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant speciesand she didnt even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old [PDF]. Today, the world recognizes Cuban doctor and scientist Carlos Juan Finlay as a pioneer in the study of yellow fever. After the war, he worked on the first proton linear accelerator and was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in physics for his work with elementary particles [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. Nimotuzumab, patented in the U.S. in 1999 by CIM scientists, is a treatment for various head and neck cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (tumors that form on the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, throat and nose), glioma (brain tumors) and nasopharyngeal cancer. She filed her patent in 1966, and it includes innovations still used today. Photo by Ernesto. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection. The man credited with one of the most important Mesoamerican discoveries in history started out lecturing on legal philosophy. "The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History." He sent the first radio transmission across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901. His research in Oaxaca led to the excavation of Monte Albn, a major Zapotec city dating from about 500 BCE, and the discovery of Tomb 7, which contained finely carved objects and tools. Page. Known for: In his work as a professional scene painter for the opera, Daguerre began experimenting with camera obscura for painting large backdrops. Many Cubans can't get parts to fix the old American and Russian cars, but adding electronic entertainment is becoming popular. Cuban artist Ernesto Orza has spent the last decade photographing and collecting many of these creations. It's also trying to get clinical trials underway to replicate Cuban scientists findings, per U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations. "Nobel Lecture: Polar Ozone Depletion." Nowhere is the old adage about necessity breeding innovation more true than in Cuba. These drugs aren't as fully developed as CimaVax, says Lee, but they appear to have great potential. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Severo Ochoa, who was born and educated in Spain, is the most famous Hispanic scientist. Learn more: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Lemelson-MIT. famous cuban inventors Jan Matejko (1838-1893): He was a famous history painter and portrait painter. Learn more: Thomas Jennings, Smithsonian Magazine. Among younger generations, the music scene has taken a turn toward house and electronica. Known for: Over the last year or so, Tsais invention has suddenly become world-famous. Astrophysicist France A. Crdovawas the director of the National Science Foundation, a federal agency that develops programs to advance all fields of scientific discovery, from 2014 to 2020. who was a sun goddess in early irish mythology; famous cuban inventors. Photos by Ernesto Oroza. Known for: If youre reading this right now, thank Tim Berners-Lee. Known for: Any kid whos ever played with a Super Soaker or Nerf blaster has Dr. Johnson to thank! Page 3. Try this: Put together a blood model using beads or candies to learn about all the components blood contains. Vol. "Luis Alvarez: 1911-1988." Try this: Make your own camera obscura with a box and basic household supplies. MP3 players and rear-facing cameras are common additions. Access to culture was a principal pillar of the communist system Fidel Castro installed in Cuba. Travis Daub The trade embargo is holding up research in some crucial areas. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Nimotuzumab has had orphan drug status in the U.S. for the treatment of glioma since 2004 and for pancreatic cancer since 2015. She has a degree in Secondary English Education and has taught in middle and high school classrooms. March 2014. We like to view ourselves as special snowflakes, as one-of-a-kind as our fingerprints. Long walled off from world trade and modern technology, Cuba has developed a robust culture of DIY engineers who turn household items into useful inventions. Reed and his colleagues, who had been dispatched to Cuba to fight the disease that had killed so many soldiers during the Spanish-American War, helped Finlay improve his experiments and verified that the species now known as Aedes aegypti was indeed the culprit. Spilling out of cafes and blasting from cars, music is a backdrop to daily life in Cuba. Sep. 29, 2006. November 2007. Known for: Do you have a home security system? Ascertaining the genetic basis of this major histocompatibility complex, or MHC, earned Baruj Benacerraf the 1980 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine and advanced our understanding of immune response and autoimmune diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) by leaps and bounds. Instead, he spent those 20 years refining his theory, breeding mosquitoes, and conducting hundreds of tests to support this theory. Since 2006, Cuba has had a drug for foot ulcers called Heberprot-P that prevents the need for amputations. "Jacinto Convit." The Alvarezes postulated that a giant asteroid or comet hit Earth millions of years ago, causing mass extinctions. Bernardo Houssay -- Biographical." "Luis W. Alvarez, Nobel Physicist Who Explored Atom, Dies at 77." Try this: Wow your science fair judges by building a Tesla Coil of your own. Known for: If you love a good Netflix binge, thank Philo Farnsworth. About 73,000 U.S. adults with diabetes had their lower limbs amputated in 2010, according to the American Diabetes Association. Invented by researchers at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana, CimaVax targets a growth factor in cancer cells in a way that can arrest the spread of the disease. March 2014. His methods were so successful they led to an abundance of peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes, and he spent much of his life coming up with new uses for them. May 2005. History and Culture. (July 4, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98025/Alfonso-Caso-y-Andrade, Encyclopedia Britannica. Try this: With a few basic supplies, you can experiment with dry cleaning at home. 268. "Mario J. Molina -- Biographical." "Baruj Benacerraf." However, most transactions between Cuba and the U.S. are still prohibited, which is why Cuban drugs face additional regulatory hurdles for testing and marketing compared to other drugs developed overseas. Currently a faculty member at the Institute for Advanced Studies, he has been awarded the Fundamental Physics Prize (2012) and appeared on the Einsteins Dream episode of PBSs Big Ideas. Try this: Franklin is famous for experimenting with electricity. X-Ray Reflection Microscope Mexican American physicist Albert Vinicio Bez co-invented the X-ray reflection microscope. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. Joseph and John weren't the only black inventors involved in agriculture. Now, with new technology coming into the country, these old cars are being revamped with mini-DVD players and stereo systems that blast out oldies in Spanish and the latest American pop. She was the first Hispanic president of the American Public Health Association as well as a founding member of the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse, an organization that fought against the practice of forced sterilization. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/milstein-bio.html, Molina, Mario J. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Now, theyre opening Facebook accounts, listing their homes on Airbnb, and watching Netflix. During his 75-year career, he received several honors, including Spain's Prince of Asturias Award and France's Legion of Honor. House fans built from telephone components and an LP vinyl disc as blades.. Some of these are household names, while others deserve more recognition for inventions that have become essential to daily life. The world will forever associate two names with leprosy, aka Hansen's disease: Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen, who in 1873 discovered the bacterium that causes it; and Jacinto Convit, who created a new vaccine for the slow-acting, disfiguring and deadly disease by combining a known tuberculosis treatment with an armadillo bacterium in 1987 [sources: BBC; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chinea; Yandell]. "Baruj Benacerraf -- Biographical." Researchers can test the drug for rare diseases in clinical trials, but it's not available to the general public. 65, no. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. Ochoa researched information processing at Sandia National Laboratories and NASA Ames Research Center and listed as co-inventor on three patents in optics, object recognition and image processing.
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